Collapse of PAL

In Collapse of PAL (2010), Menkman manipulates the obsolete PAL video standard to expose the fragility of legacy media technologies and their continued influence on digital systems. Through glitches, she challenges the myth of technological progress, revealing how outdated formats like PAL still shape modern media. The work portrays how old technological systems like PAL are not just historical artifacts, but remain active forces that govern our current digital experiences. The ghostly imagery and eerie transitions critique the power dynamics behind media infrastructure, highlighting how the past continues to control what we see and how we see it in the present digital landscape.